Kana iwe uchida kana kuti kwete iwe unotenda kuti cannabis inofanira kushandiswa muhutano hwehutano, chokwadi chinoramba chiripo kuti marijuji yezvechiremba inobvumirwa mumatunhu makumi maviri nemashanu uye muDunhu reColumbia. Zvine zvinyorwa uye DC kunyange kubvumira kushandiswa kwekunakidzwa kwemishonga. Dzimwe hurumende dzirizvino dziri kutarisa kunyoresa sechisarudzo.
Hurumende yehurumende haibvumi. IU.D. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) inoramba ichiisa marijo sechirongwa cheParamende I uye izvo zvinoita kuti zvisiri pamutemo.
Izvozvo zvinorevei kuvanhu veMedare avo vanogona kuda kushandisa mushonga kurapwa?
Kunzwisisa Mutemo Wekudzivirira Zvinhu
Mutemo Wekudzivirirwa Kwezvinhu (CSA) we1970 wakaronga nzira yekugadzirisa zvinodhaka. Yakaparadzanisa madhiragi muzvikamu zvishanu, kana zvirongwa, zvichienderana nechinetso chavo chokukonzera kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kana kuvimba:
- Purogiramu I: Hapana kubvumidzwa kwekurapa; pangozi yekurwiswa uye kuvimba
- Purogiramu II: Yakagamuchira kushandiswa kwezvokurapa; pangozi yekurwiswa uye kuvimba
- Purogiramu yechitatu: Yakagadzirwa kushandiswa kwezvokurapa; kuenzanisa kusvika pangozi yakaderera yokushungurudzwa kana kuvimba
- Purogiramu IV: Yakagamuchira kushandiswa kwezvokurapa; pangozi yakaderera yekushandiswa kana kushandiswa
- Purogiramu V: Kugamuchirwa kwekurapa; iri pangozi yekutambudzwa kana kuvimba
Kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho anowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana, kushungurudzwa uye kuvimba zvakasiyana chaizvo. Mukutaura kwakajeka, kuzvidzora kunoreva kuti muviri unoda mishonga asi kushatiswa kunoreva pfungwa dzeumwe munhu, zvepfungwa kana zvepfungwa, zvinoda.
Nepamutemo mumatunhu akawanda, kukumbira kwakaitwa kuDEA kuronga marijuana kubva Purogiramu I kumushonga weHedheni II. Izvi zvingadai zvine ramifications izvo zvisingangogumiri kutongesa kodzero dzemutemo munharaunda asiwo mitemo pamusoro pekugadzira uye kunyange kutumira uye kutumira kwechirwere.
MunaAugust 2016, iDAA yakaramba kupemha, kuchengeta mbanje sechirongwa cheMutambo I.
Marijuana Inowedzera Ngozi Kupfuura Cocaine Here?
Iwe unenge wakaoma zvakaoma kuwana mumwe munhu asingafungi kuti cocaine inotyisa, inodhaka yemishonga. Zvinofadza, zvakadaro, cocaine inonzi Purogiramu II mishonga. Izvozvo zvinoreva hurumende yehurumende ikozvino inoona rubatsiro rwezvechiremba kubva kune cocaine asi kwete marijuana.
Kogaine yakashandiswa zvikuru seyemusoro wehutachiona hwemashoko, nzeve, uye nehuro uye kunyange sevasoconstrictor kuti ibatsire kumisa ropa remhepo. Kushandiswa kwaro kunongogumira kushandiswa nevarapi vezvoutano. Chii chinogona kushandiswa mbanje? Hurumende inotaura kuti hakuna humwe huwandu hwekudzivirira kuti hwakachengeteka.
Mitemo yehurumende iyo inokonzera kukanganisa pane tsvakurudzo yakaoma. Kutanga, kutsvakurudza kunoda mari, uye zvipo zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kuuya nehupenyu hwechirwere chinonzi chakaipa uye chinokanganisa neHurumende I mitemo. Kuenderera mberi nekutsvakurudza, chikumbiro chinofanira kuitwa kuDhipatimendi reZvipatano neHuman Services kuti zviwanire kutsvakurudza-goroji marijuana; mbanje inobva mune imwe furazi muUnited States iyo yakabvumirwa nehurumende kuti iwedzere, purazi paYunivhesiti ye Mississippi.
Chete munaAgasti 2016 akaita DEA kuti inobvumira mamwe masunivhesiti kushanda kukura mbanje nekuda kwekutsvakurudza.
Zvino vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuwana mvumo kubva kuDeA kutenga uye kutakura mishonga. Makore angangopera asati chidzidzo chinogona kunyange kubva pasi, kana zvachose. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndeyokuti hapasi mazhinji emakiriniki ekuedzwa kuti ashandise kushandiswa kwaro, zvichida kwete kukwana kugutsikana nehurumende yehurumende. Kwete zvino.
Mari Mariana Uses
Iko kune, zvisinei, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinotsigira kushandiswa kwekambani kwekliniki. Ikoko kune tsvakurudzo inoratidzira hutano huripo hwechigamba nemiti yakagadzirwa, kunyanya inoshandiswa chikamu chegoroju inozivikanwa se tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Mamwe data, zvisinei, anowanikwa pane mhuka kupfuura vanhu.
Mishonga ine dhesi inotsigira kushandiswa kwemari inoshandiswa kurapwa, kunyanya kusvika pamwero, inosanganisira:
- Appetite kuderedza
- Manzwiro anokonzera kenza
- Kuora mwoyo
- Glaucoma
- HIV
- Multiple sclerosis
- Nausea uye kurutsa
- Peripheral neuropathy
Pane humwe hutsigiro hwekushandisa mushonga wezvechiremba mu fibromyalgia, chirwere chaHuntington, chirwere chePalinson, rheumatoid arthritis, kana marwadzo asina kukonzerwa nekenza.
Mune mamiriro ose ezvinhu, psychoactive madhara zvinokonzera.
Zvokudya neDrug Administration zvino zvinogamuchirwa mishonga miviri yeannabinoid inoshandiswa muUnited States. Cesamet (nabilone) naMarinol (dronabinol) vanoshandiswa kurapa kunyorera uye kurutsira kuvanhu vanotora chemotherapy. Marinol inogonawo kushandiswa kurapa anorexia uye kurasikirwa kwevanhu muHIV. Iyi mishonga ndiyo Purogiramu II uye III, zvichienderana, pasinei nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveTC.
Medicare uye Muchiratidzo Marijuana
Medicare haizobhadhara zvirongwa zveHedheni I nekuda kwekutsanangura hazvirevi mishonga inokosha. Kwete izvozvo chete, asi Medicare chirongwa chehurumende uye mumaziso eDA, sangano rehurumende, marijuana inopesana nemutemo. Kunze kwekuti DEA iite shanduko kuchinja (uye yakaramba kuita saizvozvo munaAgasti 2016), marijuji yezvechirwere iri kubva patafura yeVagareti vanobhadhara kunze kwekuti vachida kubhadhara kubva muhomwe .
Izvozvo zvinoratidzika kuti ndizvo chaizvo zviri kuitika!
Maererano nekudzidza muna 2016 muHour Health Affairs, kushandisa mari muChikamu D kunoderera mune zvese apo mushonga wekurapa hwaiwanika. Icho chirevo ndechekuti vanhu vakatendeukira kumuchipatara mushonga panzvimbo. Kunyanya, chikamu cheD D mishonga yaisarirwa zvishoma kudarika mamiriro ezvinhu aigona kurapwa nenzira yakasiyana nemuchuo wezvechiremba.
Izvo zvakachengetwa kuna Medicare zvakasvika madhora 165 mamiriyoni muna 2013. Vatsvakurudzi vakafungidzira kuti mari iyo yaigona kuve yakave yakakosha kusvika $ 470 mamiriyoni kana mushonga wezvechiremba waiva mutemo munyika yose. Ko Center for Medicare neMedicaid Services (CMS) ichaona mariko yezvechirwere sechinhu chisarudzo chokudhura mari mune ramangwana here? Zvichida mune zvese apo zviri pamutemo? Nguva ichataura.
> Sources:
> Bradford AC, Bradford WD. Mishonga yeMarijuana yeMitemo Inoderedza Kurapa Kwemishonga Inoshandiswa Kushandisa Mu Medicare Chikamu D. Health Aff. 2016 July; 35 (7): 1230-1236. doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2015.1661.
> Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Scheduling. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml.
> Kutungamira: Nyika neNzvimbo. State Marijuana Mitemo Map. http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html.
> Murnion B. Mishonga cannabis. Aust Prescr. 2015 Dec; 38 (6): 212-5. Epub 2015 Dec. 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674028/.
> National Institute on Drug Abuse. Zvinhu Zvinodhaka: Marijuana Mishonga? https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-medicine. Yakarongwa muna July 2015.