Kunyange zvazvo utachiona hwaPowassan husingawanzoitiki, gore roga roga, kune vanhu vakawanda vari kuonekwa kuti vane.
Iyi hutachiona yakatanga kuwanikwa muPowassan, Ontario, muna 1958, apo yakange yakasarudzwa kubva muuropi yemukomana muduku akaurayiwa ne encephalitis, iyo ndiyo chiratidzo chekutapukirwa nehutachiona hwePoasssan. Pakazosvika 1958 kusvika muna 1998, vanhu 27 chete ndivo vakaonekwa kuti vane chirwere chePowassan.
Pakazosvika 2003 na2017 nhamba iyi ine kudarika katatu, uye vanhu 85 vanoonekwa.
Maererano nevanyori vekuongorora kwakaitwa 2017 kunonzi "Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus yeHurumende yeHumambo Inetseka muNorth America," izvi zvinomuka "zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kuongororwa uye kuongororwa nemavarusi anokonzerwa neArthropod, kunyanya kubuda kwechirwere, kana kusanganiswa kwezvose zviri zviviri. "
Background
Kufanana neZika virus, dengue virus, uye utachiona hweWest Nile , utachiona hwePoasssan rudzi rwe flavirus. Izvo zvakafanana nedzimwe hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hunokonzera encephalitis: hutachiona hunokonzerwa neecephalitis virus (TBEV). Kuvharirwa neTBEV kwakawanda zvikuru kupfuura chirwere chePowassan, uye vanhu vane zviuru zvakasiyana muEurope neAsia vanobatwa ne encephalitis uye meningitis gore negore.
Zvakawanda zvatinoziva nezvekodzero dzehutachiona hwePoasssan kudzokorora uye zvinogona kuita kuti zvirwere zvive zvakakonzerwa neTBEV, inonzi inofanirwa nehutano hwehutano uye huwandu hwakadzidza kupfuura chirwere chePowassan.
Zvinonzwisisika, zvirwere zvakasikwa zveTBEV.
Chirwere chePoasssan chirongwa cheRNA chine rimwe chete. Nenzira, chirwere chePoasssan chine mitsetse miviri: chirwere chePoasssan chinoratidzirana mutsara uye dairy tick virus (DTV). Muchikamu chino, tichataura kune zvose izvi zvakafanana (asi zvipenyu uye zvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana) sehutachiona hwePoasssan.
Chirwere chePoasssan chinotakurwa neIxodes gumikombe. Kuparidzirwa kwehutachiona hwePoasssan kunofamba kubva kuVirginia kwose kuchamhembe kusvika kuNova Scotia. Inowanikwawo mukati meUnited States neCanada, kusanganisira New York, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, uye Ontario. Chirwere chePoasssan chakatowanikwa kumadokero kweColorado, California, uye British Columbia.
Kazhinji, hutachiona hwePoasssan huparidzirwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba uye maGreat Lakes, pamwe neHudson Valley muNew York neNew England zvinonyanya kuzivisa.
Zvinofadza kuti chirwere chePoasssan chinowanikwawo muRussia; zvisinei, kugoverwa uku kwacho kunokonzerwa nekusanangurwa kumwe chete makore anopfuura zana apfuura-zvichida kubva kune minkiti inotengeswa yekushambadzira-1800s yekutengeswa kwebasa.
Ixodes iyo inotakura chirwere chePowassan chinosangana nemhuka dzakawanda, kusanganisira nyeredzi nguruve, chipmunks, zviputi, skunks, voles, nyemba-tailed mbongoro, uye mitsvuku yakachena. Zvisinei, vanhu havawanzobatana nemhuka dzinowanzove dzakasviba, zvakadai semashamba uye skunks. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanhu vanogona kunge vakachirwa neIxodes ticks mushure mokupfuura nemashizha emashizha ayo anoshanwa nemakungu makachena nemakumbo uye mutsvuku.
Clinical Symptoms
Kazhinji, vanhu havagoni kuyeuka pavanenge varohwa neIxodes tick.
Vanhu vazhinji vanorumwa nekiti havaiti zviratidzo. Mune avo vanoita zviratidzo, zvinogona kutora pakati pevhiki nevhiki kuitira kuti chirwere chacho chibate. Zvinonzwisisika, zvinongotora maminitsi gumi nemashanu kuti kemiti ishande uye inoparadzira chirwere chePoasssan.
Pakutanga, vanhu vanova zviratidzo vanoita zvirwere zvakadai sehosha-fever ine fevri, iyo inogona kuendeswa nemusoro wepamusoro, zviratidzo zvepamuviri, kurara, kuora mwoyo, uye kuputika. Mumazuva anoverengeka ezviratidzo izvi zvekutanga, encephalitis inopera. Encephalitis inoreva kuvhiringidzwa kweuropi. Uyezve, rwonzi rwepelinha runogonawo kupisa rinotungamirira ku meningitis uye myelitis.
Kana imwe nguva uropi nemutsipa wepelinha zvichipiswa, zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinoratidza:
- Headache
- Lethargy
- Kugumburwa
- Dambudziko rekutaura
- Paralysis
- Zviratidzo zvinetso
- Slurred speech
- Kudzora
- Trouble breathing
- Kusagadzikana kubatana
Inenge 10 kubva muzana yevanhu vanovaka encephalitis kufa. Uyezve, 50 muzana yevanhu vanoenderera mberi kuti vave nehutano hwemagetsi ehutano. Zvinetso zvisingagumi zvepfungwa zvinosanganisira kuora musoro kwekare, kuparara kwemisungo, nekuyeuka zvinetso.
Kuziva
Utachiona hwePowassan hunoonekwa huchibva pamakiriniki ekuongorora uye kuongororwa kwe laboratori.
Kliniki diagnosis inofanira kuzadzisa zvitatu:
- fivhiri yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne 38 degrees Celsius
- chero zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutano husina kunaka
- hapana imwe ingangodaro inorapwa
Kuedzwa kwechihedheni ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekuona hutachiwana hwePoasssan mubasa. Kuongorora kwechivikiki kunoratidzira ma antibodies kune hutachiona mune muenzaniso wepinini yemvura, ropa, kana mhuka.
Maererano neCDC, pano pane imwe ruzivo rwekutsvaga nezvehutachiwana hwePoasssan:
Electroencephalography (EEG) kune varwere vane POW virus encephalitis inoratidza huwandu hwehuwandu hwemhepo yakashata uye zvigaro zvinogona kufanana nevaya vanoonekwa mumushonga wake herpes simplex virus encephalitis. MRI yehuropi muvarwere vane POW virus encephalitis inoratidza kuchinja kunoenderana ne microvascular ischemia kana kuti kuderedza zvirwere mumaparietal kana temporal lobes; Migumisiro yeuropi CT nyota hadzina kunyanya kubatsira.
Kurapa
Ikoko hakuna mushonga wePerwassan virus. Pane kudaro, zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa zvinotsigira nemvura inopinza, kuputika kwemhepo, uye mishonga inoderedza uropi kuputika. Uyezve, hapana humwe hunopupu hunokwana hwekugadzirisa mazano ekurapa.
Steroid uye intraogous immunoglobulin (IVIG) zvose zvakaonekwa kuti dzinoshanda mukurapa kwehutachiona. Hazvina kujeka kana mushonga wekurapa (kureva, ribavirin) inoshanda. Kunyanya, mumwe murwere akabatwa ne pegylated interferon uye ribavirin achiri kufa nehosha. Nyaya, steroids, IVIG, interferon, uye ribavirin zvose zvinochengetedza zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira uye zvirwere.
Kunyange zvazvo kwete kuongororwa, uropi hwekufungidzira ne MRI hunogona kuva chirevo uye hunoratidza kuti varwere vachaenderera mberi zvakanyanya munguva yakareba.
Kudzivirira
Parizvino, hapana mushonga wePowassan virus. Kune zvirwere zveTBEV, izvo zvakafanana nehutachiona hwePoasssan, uye idzi zvirwere zviripo muRussia neEurope. Zvisinei, zvirwere izvi zveTBEV hazvina kuratidza kubudirira mukudzivirira utachiona nePowassan virus.
Uyezve, chirwere chePoasssan chirwere chervivivirus, uye kuwedzera kune chirongwa cheTBEV, pane zvirwere zvevamwe marudzi e flavivirus, kusanganisira yellow fever uye Japanese encephalitis. Kunyange zvakadaro, chirwere chePoasssan hachina kufanana nedzimwe mhando dze flavivirus mumasomendi akawanda saka mamwe mishonga inoshandiswa zvishoma.
Nezvino, nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira utachiona nePowassan virusi ndeyokutevera mazano ekudzivirira. Pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvemunhu uye zvipimo zvaunogona kutora kuti uderedze dambudziko rako rekutsanangurwa kwekiti kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Dzivisa kutarisana nemapikiti nekudzivirira nzvimbo dzine mashizha ane mashizha makuru.
- Enda kumativi emigwagwa.
- Shandisa rinopisa rine 20 muzana kana kupfuura DEET, picaridin, kana IR3535. Itai kuti zvinyengedzere zvive pachena kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeganda.
- Kupfekedza zvipfeko izvo zvakasara uye zvitsvuku. Uyewo, tanidza mabheji ako mujoko rako.
- Paunenge uchinyora kudzivirira vana, dzivisa kushandiswa kumeso, maoko, uye muromo.
- Shandisa zvipfeko uye gear dzine permetrin.
- Dzorera nokukurumidza paunodzokera kumusha wozoita cheki chekushandisa uchishandisa girazi. Bvisai majeti pakarepo.
- Ongorora zvose zvipfeko, gear, uye mhuka dzemhuka dzepikiti.
- Kuuraya zvipembenene pamapfeko, kushambidza zvipfeko mumvura inopisa nekuoma pamusana wekupisa.
- Chengetedza mhuka dzako dzemhuka dzekitikiti mushure mekunge dzipedza nguva iri kunze.
- Bvisa nzvimbo dzinogara munzvimbo dzakadai seuswa hwakareba, bhushi, uye mashizha emashizha, kubva pane yako.
- Ita kuti uswa wako uwedzere kuderedza nzvimbo dzekugara.
- Gadzira masvingo kuchengetedza mhuka dzomusango kubva panzvimbo yako.
- Bvisa simbi yakarashirwa uye imwe tsvina iyo makateti anogara kubva pajare rako.
- Tora matanda mumisungo yakanyatsodzivirira kudzivirira kuputika nemakonzo ane hutachi.
- Isa patio uye midziyo yekutamba kure nemiti uye mabhuti.
- Funga kushandisa shanduko yezvipembenene (kureva, acaricides) kana kuzvidzora pane imbwa yako, kusanganisira guruva, kuvharwa kwemakirini, mapiritsi, kana marapirwo. Taura newachiremba wako wekutanga.
- Funga kuva nechokuparadza chinopisa imba yako.
Makate ane hanya zvikuru nemishonga inouraya; Nokudaro, usashandise chipukanana pane kate yako usingatauri nemuongorori wako wekutanga.
Ramangwana Mirairo
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, pane kuwedzera kwekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa paPowassan virus.
Kutarisa mberi, mukurwisana nehutachiona hwePoasssan, zvichave zvakakosha kuti masayendisiti aongorore vanhu vakuru uye vasikana vemazimbe Ixodhi vanowanikwa kubva mumunda kuti vanzwisise hupenyu hwehupenyu uye kutenderera kwezvikwereti izvi pamwe nekushanduka kwezvinhu zvinokonzera hutachiona. Nezvinyorwa, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti mazuva mashoma muhupenyu hwezvipembenene izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwepathogen iyi.
Uyezve, masayendisiti anodikanwa kuti ave nani kuongorora maitiro ekuvhara maitiro kuhutachiona hwePoasssan mumakumbo ezvipfuwo anoshanda sevanhu. Kunyanya, vatsvakurudzi vanoda kunzwisisa zviri nani kupinduka kwehutachiona kwete mumakanda asiwo mumhuka dzesimba. Aya mazano achabatsira masayendisiti kuziva zvirwere zvekurapa uye kuongorora kuti chirwere chePoasssan chinoramba chichiita sei mumasikirwo.
Kuti uchinzwisise zviri nani zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, kuedza kunofanira kugadzirwa kunotevera mapoka evarwere munguva (kureva, kuongorora kweboka).
MuWisconsin, zvimwe zvipembenene zvinogona kutumira utachiona hwePoasssan uye chirwere cheLyme, zvichiita kuti hutachiwana hwehutachiona hunakwanisika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinogona kutsanangura zviratidzo zvinogara zvechirwere cheLyme uye zvinoda kuendeswa mberi.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, nhamba yevanhu vari kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwePoasssan iri kuwedzera uye chirwere chakakomba chinoda kuparidzirwa. Nekuwedzera kuedza uye kuwedzera kuwanda, zvinoita kuti virusi yePoasssan ive chikonzero chinokonzera chirwere munguva yemberi.
Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, nekuda kwokusaziva vanhu uye kusagona kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwePoasssan, zvinokwanisika kuti chirwere ichi chinoramba chichitsvaga pakati pevarwere vanouya ne encephalitis. Mune mamwe mazwi, vamwe vanhu vanopedzisira vawana encephalitis havasati vaongororwa nePowassan virus infection.
Nzira yakanakisisa yokugadzirisa utachiona nePowassan virusi ndeyokudzivirira kukonzera kwekwangwani munzvimbo yekutanga. Kana iwe uchigara kune dzimwe nzvimbo apo chirwere chePoasssan chinowanika-kunyanya kumaodzanyemba nemahombekombe maGungwa makuru-shandisa zvinodzokorora paunenge uchienda panze uye uite cheki checks kana uchidzoka.
Ramba uchifunga kuti kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere, zvakadai seBroralia burgdorferi (kureva, chirwere cheLyme ), saka kugadzirisa uye cheki cheki ndiyo pfungwa yakanaka yekudzivirira mamwe marudzi ekurwara, zvakare.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kunyange kana chirwere chave chiri mumuviri wako kwenguva pfupi chete, panguva yaunozviona, unogona kutapukirwa nePowassan virus. Zvimwe zvipembenene zvinokonzerwa nenyuchi, zvakadai seBroralia burgdorferi , zvine nguva yakareba yengoni yezuva rimwe chete.
Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana mudiwa wako wakatapukirwa nehutachiona hwePoasssan, pakarepo tsvaka kurapwa. Uyezve, regai chiremba wako azive chikonzero nei iwe uchifungidzira hutachiwana hwehutachiona uye tsanangudzo yehupenyu chero ipi zvayo inogona kunge yakagadziriswa. Uyezve, rega mupepeti wako azive nezvemabasa ako uye kwaunofamba-kunyanya nzvimbo dzomukati umo maikirwoti yePowassan virusi inowanikwa. Chiremba wako anofanira kucheneswa zvose nokuti kune chiitiko chinokosha chePowassan virusi uye mamiriro acho anowanzochengetedzwa nevanoongorora zvirwere zvinopararira.
> Sources:
> Bennett, N. Powassan Virus Zvirwere muAncheche-Connecticut, 2016, MMWR. 2017; 66: 408-409.
> Doughty, CT, Yawetz, S, Lyons, J. Emerging Causes of Arbovirus Encephalitis muNorth America: Powassan, Chikungunya, uye Zika Viruses. Nhoroondo yezvino Neurology uye Neuroscience. 2017: 17;
> Hermance, ME, Thangamani, S. Virusi yaPowassan: An Emerging Arbovirus Yehutano Hwomunhu MuNorth America. Vector-Borne uye Zoonotic Zvirwere. May 12, 2017.
> CDC. Powassan Virus. www.cdc.gov.