Maonero Eyes Anatomy
Ziso revanhu inhengo iyo inoona chiedza uye inotumira zviratidzo pamwe chete neropa re optic kuuropi. Zvichida imwe yenhengo dzakaoma kwazvo dzomuviri, ziso rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakati. Uye chimwe nechimwe chikamu chinobatsira kuti iwe uone.
> Tarisa kutarisa kwemaziso.
Cornea
Iyo cornea ndiyo yakajeka, dome-yakafanana sarudzo pamucheto wekutanga weziso. Inopa ziso zviviri-zvitatu zvekuisa pfungwa kana kugadzirisa simba.
Chimwe chetatu chinobudiswa nechomukati crystalline lens. Zvakafanana nekamera yekhamera, iyo cornea inobatsira kutarisa chiedza chinouya muziso pane retina.
Iyo cornea inozarawo nemitsipa iyo inotitadzisa isu kune kutsamwa kunogona kukanganisa kuonekwa kwedu uye utano hweziso. Uye iyo cornea inogona kukuvara. Kana iwe uchitarisa ziso rako, iwe wakanyatsopera kornea yako. Minor corneal scratches inoporesa ivo pachavo, asi kukuvara zvakadzama kunogona kukonzera marwadzo uye dzimwe nguva kupora kwechirwere.
Chikafu chinopinza chinogona kukonzera kusvetuka kwekorne iyo inokanganisa maonero ako. Kana iwe uchitarira ziso rako zvakakosha, zvakakosha kuona chiremba weziso. Chiremba weziso anogona kuona kornea pasi pechigadziko chemwenje chinopisa.
Mudzidzi
Mudzidzi imhova kana kuvhura iyo iri pakati peiyo yeziso. Mudzidzi anobata huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda muziso. Uwandu hwevadzidzi hunodzorwa ne dilator uye sphincter misuli ye iris.
Basa romudzidzi rakanyatsofanana nekambani yekamera inobvumira chiedza chakawedzerwa mune zvakawanda. Panguva yeusiku, vadzidzi vedu vanononoka kuti vabvumira chiedza chakawedzerwa kuwedzera maonero edu.
Mune vanhu, mudzidzi akapoteredza. Mamwe mhuka dzine zvidimbu zvakatsakatisa vadzidzi asi vamwe vane horizontally oriented students. Vadzidzi vanoita sevatema nokuti chiedza chinopinda muziso chiri kunyanya kubatwa nemaviri mukati meziso.
Iris
Iris ndiyo chikamu chevara cheziso rinodzora kuwanda kwechiedza chinopinda muziso. Ndicho chikamu chinonyatsooneka cheziso. Inorara pamberi pekristalline lens uye inoparadzanisa kamera rekare kubva kumakamuri ekupedzisira.
Iris iri chikamu chekunze-chikamu chepakati chemasvingo eziso. Iveveal tract inosanganisira ciliary body, chimiro muziso iro rinobudisa mvura yakajeka inonzi aqueous humor.
Iris ruvara runobva pauwandu hwe melanin pigment mu iris. Munhu ane meso ane mavara ane mavara akafanana nee melanin pigment kuti munhu ane mavara ebhuruu. Zvisinei, munhu ane maziso ebhuruu ane zvinyorwa zvishoma.
Crystalline Lens
Iko kristalline lens inoratidzirwa chimiro muziso-rinomiswa pakarepo shure kwe-iris-iyo inounza misi ye chiedza kuti isa pfungwa pa retina.
Zviduku zviduku zvakanamatirwa kune lens zvinogona kuita kuti ichinje chimiro chinobvumira ziso kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvakapoteredza kana kure.
Nokufamba kwenguva, lens rinorasikirwa nehumwe hutsika. Izvi zvinoita kuti ziso rirasikirwe zvimwe zvekugona kwaro kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zviri pedyo. Ichi chiitiko chinozivikanwa se presbyopia uye kazhinji chinopa matambudziko nekuverenga, anenge makore makumi mana emakore.
Chirwere chechirwere chinhu chinonzi clouding ye lens uye inowanzoitika inouya nekukwegura. Nenzira yakanaka, chirwere chinokonzera kukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye hachifaniri kuchinja maonero ako kwemakore akawanda. Nezera remakore 65, vanopfuura 90 muzana yevanhu vane cataract. Kurapa kweCataract kunosanganisira kubvisa denga remazi inoputika uye kuisimudza neine mishonga inogadziriswa yemazino.
Aqueous Humor
Iyo inonyanya kuseka inonzwisisika, mvura ine mvura iri shure kwekromaa. Inobatsira kuunza michero kumeso eziso. Iyo inoumbwa kumashure kwemazimbe uye inoyerera mberi kweziso kuti ichengetedze kuvhara mukati meziso. Matambudziko nemvura inopisa inogona kukonzera nyaya dzinobatanidza kushungurudzwa kweziso, zvakadai se glaucoma .
Vitreous Humor
Iyo vitreous humor, iyo inopesana ne retina, inoita chikamu chikuru cheziso. Icho chinhu chejelly-chakafanana chinopedza mukati meziso. Inogadzirwa kakawanda nemvura, vitreous fluid inoita kuti ziso rive rakaita. Inoumbwa nemvura, collagen, uye mapuroteni uye ine masero anobatsira kuchengetedza zvakajeka.
Sezvatinokura, vitreous humor inotonyanya kusimba. Kushandurwa uku dzimwe nguva kunokonzera kuti kukoshesa retina. Kana simba rekudonha richiva rakasimba zvakakwana, vitreous hurumende inogona kuparadzana chaizvo ne retina. Izvi zvinonzi posterior vitreous detachment , sezvo inowanzoitika kumashure (mberi) kweziso.
Retina
Inowanikwa mukati meziso, retina ndiyo nzvimbo inonzwisa chiedza iri kumashure kweziso kuti lensi inotarisa mifananidzo, zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zviitike. Iyo retina inoumbwa nezvikamu gumi zvakanyanya kwazvo. Pakati pezvikamu izvi tambo nemakoni zvinoshandiswa kuona ruvara.
Iyo retina yakaoma zvikuru. A retina yakagadzirika inowanikwa apo retina inoparadzaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvivako zveziso.
Inowanzoitika panguva yekutamba mitambo kana sechikonzero chekutambudzika. Rimwe rekudzivirira retina inokuvadza kwakakomba kunoda kutarisirwa nokukurumidza neunyanzvi hwekuchengeta maziso.
Sclera
Iko kunopenya kweziso kunozivikanwa zviri nani se "chichena cheziso." Kunyange zvazvo tichigona kungoona chikamu chekuona cheslera, iyo inopoteredza ziso rose. Icho chikwama chinosungirirwa chinoshandiswa mukati makaita kuti chiratidzo chive nyore. Iyo inochengetedza ziso muchitarisiko chakakomberedza.
Scleritis iko kuputika kwekwenyuka. Inogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kweziso, kubwinya, nekurasikirwa kwemaonero kune vamwe vanhu. Inogonawo kuwirirana nekutambudzika kana utachiona-zvinopfuura hafu ye scleritis matambudziko inobatanidza nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona.
> Sources:
> Meso Ako Anoshanda Sei? National Eye Institute website.
> The Eye. University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center website.