Kuzvidzivirira kunonzi kunorwisa 'nevarapi
Vazhinji vedu vanotendeukira kuIndaneti nezvehutano hwehutano. Maererano nePew Research Center, muna 2014, 87 muzana yevanhu vekuAmerica vainge vava neIndaneti, uye muna 2012, 72 muzana yevatsvakurudzo vakapindura vakati vakatarisa paIndaneti nekuda kwehutano hwehutano hwakanaka mukati megore rapfuura.
Kwete kwenguva refu yapfuura, varwere vakanga vasina kutambira mashoko ekurapa.
Chiremba angatora maminetsi mashomanana kuti atsanangure chirwere, mararamiro ayo uye anotarisirwa nzira, inoteverwa netsanangudzo yezvokurapa. Nekupararira kweInternet-teknolojia yakashandura mishonga kupfuura imwe ipi zvayo isina kugadzirwa-chiremba-murwere ane simba akachinja, zvakare. Iye zvino, chero ani zvake anokwanisa kuwana nyore nyore ruzivo rwehutano, uye varwere vanounza ruzivo urwu kuhofisi yehofisi.
Nechirwere ichi chehutano hwehutano, vanachiremba vane hanya nezvokuti varwere vavo vachabata sei ruzivo urwu hwose uye kuti ruzivo urwu runobatsira sei "ukama-chiremba-murwere," iyo, maererano nevanyori Susan Dorr Goold naMack Lipkin, Jr, inotsanangurwa se "svikiro umo deta yakaungana, kuongororwa uye zvirongwa zvinogadzirwa, kutevedza kunoitwa, uye kuporesa, kurarama kwenguva refu, uye kutsigirwa kunopiwa."
Kubva pane zvechipatara, ruzivo rwezvehutano rwakawanikwa paInternet runoreva sekuwedzera uye rinonyatsoshandiswa kuzivisa chigadzirwa chako chekurapa-kwete kuchidzorera.
Mashoko ehutano anowanika paInternet haafaniri kutungamirira kuzvidzivirira kana kurapwa.
Internet Inotsvaga Nevarwere
Varwere vanowanzoshandisa Indaneti nenzira mbiri.
Chokutanga, varwere vanotsvaka ruzivo musati kliniki vashanyire kuti vaone kana vachida kuona chiremba wehutano kutanga.
Chechipiri, varwere vachitsvaga Indaneti mushure mekunge vataridzana kune imwe yenyaradzo kana nekuda kwekusagutsikana nehuwandu hwemashoko anopiwa nemupi wehutano hwehutano.
Pasinei nokuwana mashoko ane chokuita nehutano kubva paInternet, huwandu hwevanhu hahushandisi Indaneti kuzvidzivirira uye panzvimbo pekushanyira navanachiremba vavo kuti vagoona zvirwere. Uyezve, vanhu vakawanda vanotendeukira kuna vanachiremba vavo vane mibvunzo nezvezvinodhaka uye ruzivo pamusoro pemishonga yakasiyana-siyana pamwe nekutumira kune vanyori.
Kunyanya kushandiswa paIndaneti kutsvaga kunosanganisira vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi vasingatsvaki ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwavo vachishandisa Indaneti asiwo vanotendeukira kune vamwe kutsigira. Uyezve, vanhu vasina ruzivo rweinishuwarenzi vanowanzoenda kuInternet kuti vadzidze zvakawanda nezvezviratidzo uye zvirwere. Pakupedzisira, vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki, avo vaizoomanikidzwa kusangana nevamwe vakaita savo munyika chaiyo, vanowanzogovana ruzivo uye nesayenzi nyaya vachishandura mapuraneti.
Vanachiremba Vanopindura muTatu Nzira
Maererano nekuongorora kwe2005 kwakabudiswa muPatient Education and Counseling , Miriam McMullan anoratidza kuti mushure mekunge murwere achipa ruzivo rwehutano hwepaIndaneti kunechiremba kana mumwe mupi wehutano, mupi wehutano anogona kugona mune imwe kana kupfuura nzira zvitatu.
Utano-hukama hunyanzvi hukama . Mupi wehutano anokwanisa kunzwa sokuti simba rake rezvehutano riri kutyisidzirwa kana kutorwa nemashoko ayo murwere anotaura uye achazvidzivirira achitaura "nyanzvi maonero" nekuvhara imwe hurukuro.
Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa pakati pevanachiremba vane unyanzvi hwekombiji hwekombiyuta. Chiremba achazoshandisa kusara kwevarwere vashoma kunoshanyira kurongedza murwere kune chiremba chaanoda purogiramu yekuita. Nzira iyi inowanzosiya murwere achifunga kuti haana kugutsikana uye akaora mwoyo, uye varwere vanogona kusiya kubva musangano vachifunga kuti ivo pachavo vakagadzirirwa zviri nani kudarika chiremba mukutsvaga ruzivo rwehutano uye nzira dzokurapa paIndaneti.
Patient centered relationship . Nechiitiko ichi, mupi wehutano wehutano uye murwere anoshanda pamwe chete uye anotarisa paIndaneti zvinyorwa pamwechete.
Kunyange zvazvo murwere ane nguva yakawanda ari oga kuti atsvake webhu, chiremba kana mumwe mupi wehutano anogona kutora nguva apo murwere anosangana nekufambisa webhu pamwe chete nemurwere uye kumurondedzera kunzvimbo dzakakosha dzemamwe mashoko. Nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti nzira iyi yakanaka; zvisinei, vazhinji vanotarisira vanogunun'una kuti hapana nguva yakakwana panguva yekushanyirwa kwekliniki yepamusoro yekutsvaga Indaneti nemurwere uye kukurukura nezvirwere uye zvirongwa zvekurapa.
Inyoreji yepaIndaneti . Pakupera kwebvunzurudzo, mupi wehutano anokwanisa kukurudzira murwere mamwe mawebhusayithi kuti ataure. Newebhu dzakawanda dzine chokuita nehutano, hazvigoneki kuti mupiro avabvise vose. Pane kudaro, anokwanisa kukurudzira mawebsite mashoma kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanaka, dzakadai seCDC, MedlinePlus kana NHS Choices.
Chiremba Perspective yeInternet-Based Information
Hapana chinonyanya kuudza kudarika kufarirwa kunoitwa nevarapi vanonzwa mibvunzo kubva kuvarwere 24/7. Munharaunda iyi, Dr Farrah Ahmed nevamwe vaaishanda vakaronga mapoka matanhatu ekutaurirana nevechiremba vemhuri 48 avo vaiva nemabasa akashanda muToronto.
Maererano nevanotsvakurudza, "Zvitsva zvitatu zvakarongeka zvakaonekwa: (1) kuonekwa kwevarwere, (2) mutoro wechiremba, uye (3) kududzirwa kwechiremba uye kugadziriswa kwemashoko."
Kuonekwa Kunonzwisisika kwevarwere
Vanachiremba muboka rekutarisa vakati vamwe varwere vaive nehutano hwehutano hweIndaneti vakanga vakavhiringidzika kana kuvhiringidzwa nedata. Boka duku revarwere vanoshandisa Indaneti kuti vadzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwavo husati hwagadzwa kana kuti kuzviratidzira pamwe chete kana kuti pasina kuzvirapa. Varwere vakashandisa Indaneti kuti vazviongorore uye kuzvirapa vakaonekwa se "zvinonetsa."
Vanachiremba vanoti maitiro evanhu vanorwara nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko kunze uko, maitiro evarwere kugamuchira ruzivo rwehutano pamusoro pekutenda kwepofu uye kusakwanisa kwevarwere kurongedza zvakananga nezvehutano hunobudiswa.
Vanachiremba vaifarira iyo apo varwere vaishandisa Indaneti kuti vazive zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwavo husati hwagadzirwa. Zvisinei, vanachiremba havana kuzvifarira apo varwere vakashandisa mashoko aya kuti vaone kana kuzvibata ivo kana kuedza ruzivo rwechiremba. Hazvirevi chete kuti vanachiremba vanoratidzira ava varwere sematambudziko asiwo "neurotic," "kushungurudza" uye "zvakaoma" pamwe nekubva kune unyanzvi hunobva. Vanachiremba vaigara vachikurukurirana manzwiro ekutsamwa uye kuora mwoyo apo vaifanira kudzivirira zvirwere uye zvirwere pamwe nevarwere.
Heano mamwe mazwi anotaura nezvechiremba kubva kumapoka ekutaura:
"Vachiri [varwere] vari kuzadza zvizere zvoupenzi muzviitiko zvizhinji, izvo zvisingagoni kuziva kududzira, izvo zvinowanzotaurwa zvisina kunaka."
"Vari kuunza mhando dzezvinhu zvisina kujeka uye zvinhu pamusoro pemamiriro akasiyana, uye dzimwe dzadzo dzinotyisa. ... Vanofunga kuti zvinhu zvose zviri kuitika."
"Ndinofunga kuti pane imwe mamiriro apo Indaneti inobatsira. Kana munhu wacho ane chirwere ichi, uye ivo vanoda kuziva zvakawanda, kudzidzisa ivo pachavo ..., ndinoona izvo chaizvoizvo zvinobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo ... haisi nguva inondinetsa ini. "
Chiremba Mutoro
Vazhinji vanachiremba vakapokana panguva yekudzidza vakawana kuti kubata nehutano hunobudiswa nemurwere kwaipedza nguva, uye wakashandisa mazwi anotevera ekusarudza kurondedzera zvakaitika: "kunoshungurudza," "kunetseka," "kunotsamwisa," "kusuruvara," uye " "Vanachiremba vakati vaifunga kuti zvakanga zvakaremedza kubata nemashoko ehutano anopiwa nemurwere, uye kuti vakanga vasina nguva yekuita izvozvo.
Kakawanda, pakanga pane zvakawanda zvekunyengedza pakati pemapoka eboka rekutarisa. Mukuwedzera kune mutoro wekutarisana nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano, vanachiremba vazhinji vakaratidza kunetseka pamusoro pehuwandu hwehutano uye huwandu hwehutano hwehutano pawebhu. Pakupedzisira, vamwe vanachiremba vakwegura vakabvuma kuti unyanzvi hwavo hwekombiyuta hwakaipa.
Heano mitsara miviri kubva kuboka rekutarisa:
"Nguva pfupi iyo inongororwa inobuda ini ndinotya ... [nekuda kwe] nguva zvinetso uye zvimwe zvose."
"Handina hanya nevarwere vanouya nemashoko, asi zvakaoma zvikuru kana vakakuratidza iwe nehombodo ye, unoziva, mapeji 60 .... Nguva inonyanya kukosha, saka inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru."
Chiremba Interpretation uye Contextualization Information
Kunyange zvazvo vasiri ivo vose vaifarira pamusoro payo, vanachiremba vakawanda mukuongorora vakaona kuisa ruzivo rwehutano hweIndaneti mumamiriro ezvinhu evarwere sechikamu chezvavanotarisirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, ibasa rechiremba kutarisa munyaya yezvokurapa yemunhu wese murwere paanenge achikurukura nezvehutano hwehutano hweIndaneti. Kune varwere vaiva vadzidzisi-vadzidzisi, kana kushandisa Indaneti kuti vazive zvakawanda pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu aimbovapo, izvi zvaive zvakawandisa zvakanyanya uye kunyange zvakarongerwa kurapwa.
Zvisinei, vanachiremba vakawana kuisa mutero kudzidzisa varwere vakanga vaine hanya kana kuvhiringidzwa nemashoko akawanikwa paInternet. Pakupedzisira, varwere vakashandisa Indaneti kuzvidzivirira uye kuzvibata kazhinji vanoisa vanachiremba "pakarepo" uye vaida kuti vadzivirire maitiro avo ose pavanenge vachifanira kubvisa ruzivo rwakashata rwakatorwa kubva paInternet.
Zvinonzwisisika, vashomanana vezvechiremba vakange vasinganzwi kuti kududzira ruzivo rwehutano hweIndaneti waiva mutoro webasa ravo. Uyezve, vamwe vanachiremba vakapfuurira kusvika "kumoto" varwere vakakumbira ruzivo rwakadaro, vanotaura varwere vakadaro kune veongororo, kana kupa mari yakawedzerwa yekushanya-yose inofungidzirwa kuzvibata.
Pasi Pasi
Mashoko ehutano paIndaneti haagone. Zvimwe zvemashoko aya zvinotyisa, kunyanya kana iwe usinganzwisisi zvinhu zvose zvinotsanangurwa. Semuenzaniso, kumwe kuparadzaniswa kwekurwadziwa kwepfungwa kunorwadza, asi mikana yokuti chero humwe hutachiona hwemusoro hune hukama hunokonzerwa neharosi-zvishoma-kunyanya kana uri muduku uye uine utano.
Mashoko akaunganidzwa kubva paInternet anogona kushamisa zvinoshamisa sezvakaitika kune varwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvehutano vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekutarisira kwavo. Zvisinei, zvinogonawo kunge zvinokuvadza, sezvinoitika kune munhu asingadi kusununguka paanozviziva, kana kuti akaipisisa, munhu anozvibata anozviziva, izvo zvingaguma nokukuvadza mumuviri. Yeuka kuti chiremba wako anogona kubatsira kuisa ruzivo rwawakanyora kubva paInternet muchirevo.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, kuongororwa hakugoni kuve nehutano hwehutano hweIndaneti chete. Kuongororwa chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinoshandiswa nenyanzvi. Chiremba anotsigira pane kliniki acumen uye ruzivo rwekurapa ruzivo-mamwe acho anogona kuwanikwa pawebhu-kuti aongorore murwere. Kunyanya, zvichibva munhoroondo yezvokurapa uye kuongororwa kwepanyama, chiremba anokonzera kusarudzwa kwekutsvaga, kana kuti kunyoresa mazita ezvichida kuongororwa. Migumisiro inobva kuongororwa mutsva inosimbisa kuongororwa.
Kana iwe ukawana ruzivo paInternet iwe waunoda chiremba wako kuti aongorore uye aitsanangure, iri pfungwa yakanaka yekusiya ruzivo urwu nachiremba wako uye kumubvunza kuti atarise paanenge ane nguva. Zvimwe, iwe unogona kuronga sarudzo yakasiyana chete kuti ukurukure zvinetso zvako.
> Sources:
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> Health Facts. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/.
> Kuehn BM. Varwere Vanoenda KuItsva Vanotsvaka Kutsigirwa, Mazano Anoshanda Pamusoro Pematano Ehutano. JAMA. 2011; 305: 16.
> Lanseng EJ uye Andreassen TW. Electronic Healthcare: A Kudzidza Kugadzirira Kwevanhu uye Maonero Ekuita Kuzviziva Kuzviona. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 2007; 18: 4.
> McMullan, M. Varwere vachishandisa Indaneti kuwana ruzivo rwehutano: Izvi zvinobata sei ukama hwehutano hwehutano. Dzidzo yevarwere uye mazano. 2006; 63.