Munhu wose anoziva nezveAlexandro Graham Bell uye yake yekugadzirwa kwefoni. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti aivewo mudzidzisi we matsi, uye nzira dzake (uye zvikonzero zvevaya nzira) dzinoramba dzichikonzera kukakavara munharaunda yevasina maturo.
Baba vaBell, Alexander Melville Bell, vaiva mudzidzisi wematsi. Nzira yake yekudzidzisa matsi yakagadzirwa "Visible Speech." Baba vaBell vaiva mudzidzisi akakurumbira uye vanofungidzirwa kuva muenzaniso waGeorge Bernard Shaw's character Prof.
Henry Higgins muPygmalion. Bhenji muduku aidzidzisa matsi vadzidzi kuchikoro cheve matsi (chikoro muLondon, Boston School for Deaf Mutes, Clarke School yevasina maturo, uye kuAmerican Asylum yevasina maturo) vachishandisa nzira iyi. Amai vaBell vaiva matsi / vanonzwa vasingagoni kunzwa uye aigara achitaura naye nekuisa muromo wake pedyo nehuma yake, achitenda kuti kudengenyeka kubva inzwi rake kwaizomubatsira kusiyanisa mutauro zvakajeka kupfuura kushandisa hwamanda.
Kunyange zvazvo akaroorwa nemukadzi ari matsi, aimbova mudzidzi wekutaura, Mabel Hubbard, Bell akanyatsopikisa kuroora kana kuroorwa pakati pevanhu vane matsi. Bell yakatya "kusvibiswa" kwevanhu nekuparadzirwa kwematsi matambudziko kunyange zvazvo matsi dzakawanda dzinowanzoberekwa nevabereki vanonzwa.
Nhaka yeBell
Bell yakashandisa kudzidza kwake eugenics kune chinangwa chake chekudzivirira kusikwa kwehutsi husina matsi ndokupa pepa rake Memoir Pamusoro pekuumbwa kwevasina maturo evanhu Race kusvika ku National Academy of Sciences muna 1883.
Bell yakataura, "Avo vanotenda sezvandinoita, kuti kugadzirwa kwechimiro chakashata chevanhu kungava dambudziko guru kunyika, richaongorora zvakanyatsoona zvikonzero zvichaita kuti kuroorwa kwevatsi vave nechinangwa chekushandisa mhinduro. " Mune mapepa aya, akaronga kuderedza nhamba yematsi matambudziko nekudzivisa matsi kumatare asina maturo, achikurudzira kutaura nekutaura uye kutaura kwekutaura-nzira chete yezvidzidzo, kubvisa kushandiswa kwevatadzi matsi uye mutauro wemasaini kubva kuchikoro .
Mazano akakurudzirwa kugadzirisa mitemo yekudzivirira kukwidzwa kwevanhu vasina matsi vanhu kana kurambidza kuroorana pakati pemhuri ine nhengo imwe chete isina matsi. Nzira dzake dzokudzivirira dzekutora matsi dzaisanganisira kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvekukurukurirana uye kushamwaridzana nenyika inonzwa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Alexander Graham Bell akachinja nzira yatinoona nayo dzidzo yematsi kuti ive nani. Nzira dzomumuromo, kushandiswa kwezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, nekufambisa kukurukurirana pakati pematsi uye vanhu vanonzwa kunoguma. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanotaura izvi sefa rake sezvakangoita zvaakagadzira. Zvisinei, zvikonzero zvake kubva kune mazano aya zvakabva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye maonero ake matsi akatarisa nguva yekuona kuti vanhu vashoma vanogona uye vanonyadzisa nzira yakakodzera yekukurukurirana uye dzidzo.
Yakarongwa naMelissa Karp, Au.D
Sources:
Grey, Charlotte (May 2013). Isu hatina Zuva Chii Alexander Graham Bell Akaita Sazvo? Kusvikira ikozvino. Magazine Smithsonian .
Bher, Alexander Graham. Pamusoro pekuumbwa kwevasina maturo evanhu . Yakapiwa ku National Academy of Sciences November 13, 1883.