An endoscopy inzira yekurapa inoshandiswa kutarisa nhengo dzomukati munzira isina nzira. Izvi zvinowanzozonzi "minimally invasive" maitiro sezvo ivo vasiri nzira dzisingasviki dzenzira dzekufungidzira nhengo kunze kwekuvhiya. Tisati tava nemapurogiramu ekupedzisira, kuvhiyiwa kwaiwanzodiwa kuti tive nemigumisiro yakafanana sezvatinowana zvino kubva kune endoscopy. Aya maitiro anogonawo kuitwa pasina aneshesia inowanzodiwa pakuvhiyiwa, uye naizvozvo inotakura ngozi shoma.
Ne endoscopy, endoscope inowanzoiswa pasi mumuromo, zvichikwira kuburikidza ne-rectum, kana kuburikidza nechingoro chiduku chakaitwa mucheka painoongorora mukati memhesi, chifuva, kana mudumbu. An endoscope iyo inogadziriswa nekombiki ine khamera yakanamatira yakaiswa. Iyo kamera inodzorera mufananidzo kuitira kuti zvivako zvemukati zvigone kuve zvakaratidzwa pane chekuona.
An endoscopy inowanzoitwa kana kuonekwa kwezviviri zvemukati kuchidikanwa kuti kuongororwe, uye endoscopy inobvumira kufungidzirwa kuitwa neine ngozi shoma kupfuura kuvhiyiwa. Endoscopy inogona kushandiswawo kuwana ruzivo rwemuviri mukati mokurapa.
Matambudziko
Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika zvekupedzisira zvinosanganisira kubuda ropa, kubvarura mumadziro edzimba iri kupinda, uye kugadziriswa kumishonga yekunyengera.
Anesthesia
An endoscopy kazhinji inowanzoitwa pasi pemishonga inobva kumishonga IV. Varwere vanowanzovata panguva iyo, asi kurara kwakajeka, uye vanhu vazhinji vanomutswa nguva pfupi mushure mekuitwa kwaitwa. Izvi zvinonzi dzimwe nguva dzinonzi "twilight sleep." Neimwe nzira, hukuru anesthesia inogonawo kupiwa.
Kugadzirira
Kugadzirira kwenguva refu inoda kudya (kusadya) kwemaawa matanhatu kusvika maawa masere isati yasvika. Pamusana pekugadziriswa kwekolon (colonoscopy), kunakisa kuchenesa matumbo kuchashandiswa zvakare.
Aina dze Endoscopy
Kune mhando dzakawanda dze endoscopy nzira, kusanganisira:
Arthroscopy : Arthroscopy inzira inogadziriswa shomanana muganda uye chiyero chinowanikwa mujoka.
Arthroscopy inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira uye kubata mamiriro ezvinhu akabatana, kubva pakutsvaga maitiro akasiyana earthritis kugadzirisa rotator mitsipa misodzi. Nzira yacho haigoni kushandiswa pazvikamu zvose, uye isu tisati tine nzira yekuita upiyona hwose, hwakadai sokubatanidza kushandiswa, pamwe nenzira iyi.
Bronchoscopy : MuBarchoscopy, tube inowanikwa mumuromo uye inopfuurira kuburikidza netchea kusvika mumabhandi echibhakera (iyo mhepo huru yemapapu). Bronchoscopy inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira zvirwere uye kuita biopsies. Nokuwedzera ultrasound, iyo inogona kushandiswawo kumapapu emapupa ari pedyo asi kwete mukati memhepo (endobronchial ultrasound). Inogona kushandiswa pakurapa zvakare, kurega kubuda ropa kubva mumarara, kana kuti kuderedza mhepo kana gumbo rinokonzera kuderedza.
Colonoscopy : Unogona kunge uchiziva colonoscopy kubva mumukoko wekenza kuongorora. Mune colonoscopy, bhuti rinosungirirwa kuburikidza ne rectum uye rakasungirirwa kumusoro kuburikidza nekoloni. Inogona kushandiswa nenzira iyi yekuongorora zvirwere zvekenza yekoloni kana kuti kubvisa mapepa anokwanisa kuve nekukwanisa kuve kenza. Saizvozvowo, colonoscopies yakaderedza dambudziko rekufa kubva mukenza yekoloni pamwe nekukurumidza kuonekwa, kuwana kanzira pavanenge vashoma uye vasina kupararira, uye kuburikidza nemudziviriro wekutanga, kubvisa mapepa anokwanisa kuva kenza.
Colposcopy : Colposcopy inowanikwa kuburikidza nevakadzi vekuvhura kuitira kuti vaone zviri nani chivharox. Inowanzoitwa kakawanda nekuda kweP-smear isina kukodzera kutsvaga uchapupu hwomukomana dysplasia kana chirwere chepachirwere.
Cystoscopy : Cystoscopy inobvumira chiremba kufungidzira mukati memukati wako kuti uongorore mamiriro ezvinhu kubva kumativi e-cystitis kusvika kenza yemukaka. Mune nzira iyi, tube inopinza inowanikwa kuburikidza neUrethra (iyo tube inobva kubva kumukati kuenda kune kunze kwemuviri) uye muchiputi. Chimbo chacho chine chinhu chakakosha pamagumo iyo inobvumira vanachiremba kutora biopsy yezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoonekwa.
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): MuE ERCP, tube inowanikwa pasi mumuromo uye mudumbu uye mu bile uye pancreatic ducts inotungamirira mumuviri muduku kubva pachiropa uye pancreas. Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mazamu akaiswa mukati memahara aya, uyewo kufungidzira maitiro (zvakadai neaya asingazivikanwi bile-duct cancers).
EGD (esophogealgastroduodenoscopy): Mune EGD, chiremba anoisa mukana unopinza mumuromo uye pasi sequentially kuburikidza nesophagus, mudumbu, uye mu duodenum (chikamu chokutanga chemukati mudumbu). EGD yakashanda zvikuru pakuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu akambova akaoma kuti aongorore, kusanganisira matambudziko ane sophagus akadai seBarrett's epopus, ulcers mudumbu uye duodenum, kuputika, kanzira, chirwere chegastroesophageal reflux, uye kunyange chirwere chechiliac.
Laparoscopy : Mune laparoscopy, zviduku zviduku zvinogadzirwa mudumbu remuviri uye pamusoro pemimba zvichibvumira kuti nzvimbo yacho ibudiswe mu peritoneal cavity (nzvimbo inogadzirisa nhengo dzemimba). Izvo zvinogona kuitwa zvose kuti zviongororwe uye senzira yekurapa zvinhu zvose kubva pakushaya simba kubvisa zvinyorwa.
Laryngoscopy: A laryngoscopy inzira inoshandiswa nehututi nemumuromo kuitira kuti tifungidzire kuti larynx (izwi rebhokisi). Iyi nzira inogona kuona kusakanganiswa kwebhokisi yebhokisi inobva pamapuropiti kusvika kune kenza yakaoma.
Mediastinoscopy : A mediastinoscopy inzira inoshandiswa nehuwandu hunoiswa mudanda rechifuva mukati pakati pemapapu (mediastinum). Inogona kushandiswa kutsvaga mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seLymphomas uye sarcoidosis, asi inowanzoitwa sechikamu chekugadzirisa kenza yemapapu, kutsvaga lymph nodes mu mediastinum inogona kupararira nekenza.
Proctoscopy: A proctoscopy iyi inogona kuiswa kuburikidza ne anus kuti iongorore rectum (yekupedzisira 6 kusvika ku 8 masendimita emukoni kana mumatumbo makuru ). Inowanzoitwa kakawanda kuti iongorore kubuda ropa.
Chirasikopiy: Tetracopy inzira inoshandiswa zviduku zvishoma mumadziro echifuva kuti zviwane mapapu. Mukuwedzera kune kushandiswa kuita mapapu emapapu, izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kubvisa makondombera emapapu. Iyi nzira inotumidzwa seVATS kana kuti mavhidhiyo anobatsira chirwere chinonzi thoracoscopic. Nzira yeVATS inogona kuitwa munguva shoma shoma uye inonyanya kuve nemigumisiro yenguva pfupi uye yakareba yemigumisiro yokuvhiya. Havasi vese vanovhiya, zvisinei, vakarovedzwa nenzira iyi, uye havasi mapepa ose emakondomu anogona kupedzwa nemaitiro aya.
Sources:
American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Yashandurwa 02 / 2-16. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/tests-and-procedures/types-endoscopy