Pakati pfupi, Ndeapi Matsi kana Huru Yokunzwa?
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi inonyanya kuzivikanwa inoshamisa mumatsi uye ine simba rekunzwa munharaunda yeUnited States (uye nyika)?
A: Vangani vedu tiripo. Hapana anonyatsoziva. Kune dzimwe huwandu hwevanhu huripo hunovapo, asi dzinenge dzisina nguva kana dzisina kuvimbika nokuti vamwe vanhu vangave vasingadi kuzviratidza ivo sevari kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kana mafomu emubvunzo angasabvunze zvakananga kana munhu ane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
Nhamba inofungidzirwa yehuwandu hwevanhu yakave yakabva mumamiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu matsi uye yakaoma kunzwa kune yakakwirira semamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu uye yakaoma kunzwa. Pakati idzi, mamiriyoni mashoma chete anonzi "matsi" uye zvakasara zvakaoma kunzwa. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemashoko ndeyekuti vamwe "matsi" vanhu vangave vakaoma kunzwa, uye vamwe "zvakaoma kunzwa" vanhu vangave vari matsi. Iko kune zvakakwana kwatiri isu nekunzwa kurasikirwa kwekuti makambani anoziva simba rekushandisa rekushandisa zvechikamu chikuru chevanhu.
Nhamba idzi dzinonyanya kuchengetedzwa nemahofisi maviri ehurumende: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) iri pasi peCenters for Disease Control (CDC), uye US Census Bureau. Maererano neNCHS, sa1994 Mamiriyoni eAmerica - chikamu chiduku che nhamba yose ine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa - vakanga vachishandisa teknolojia yekubatsira kuti vabatsire kubata nematambudziko ekunzwa.
Pakati idzi, chigadzirwa chinowanzoshandiswa ndiyo rubatsiro rwekunzwa, uye chinonyanya kufanana "chigadzirwa" ndicho muturikiri.
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa vanhu vakuru vakasiya kurairwa nezera, vanenge 12 kubva kune vane chiuru chimwechete vane hutachiona hwekunzwa vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere, zvichienderana nevanowanikwa munguva ichangobva kuwanikwa yeNCHS statistics.
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti mikana yakanakisisa yokuti kana mumwe mudzidzi ari muchikoro chevana vako achange aine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
ICensus Bureau inopa mazita evanhu vanoona nezvekuremara uye basa, yakatorwa kubva kuSongororo yeKubata uye Kubatanidzwa Kwepurogiramu (kubatanidzwa mumapurogiramu anobatsira vanhu). Iyo data ine nhamba chete muzviuru, pane mamiriyoni. Imwe nzira inofadza inowanzobuda kubva kune iyi nhamba ye data yakatarwa ndeyokuti vanhu vane kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwekunzwa kunowanzoshandiswa kune avo vane nhamo dzakawanda dzokunzwa.
IGallaudet Research Institute inopawo dzimwe nhamba dzezvayo nedzimwe ruzivo, kuburikidza nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa. Uyezve, dzimwe hurumende dzehurumende dzinogona kuchengeta dzidzo dzavo dzekupararira kwekurasikirwa kwekunzwa muhurumende. Semuenzaniso, Komisheni yeArizona yevasina maturo uye yakaoma yekunzwa inofungidzira pamusoro pehuwandu hwehupfumi hwehurumende.
Links:
- NCHS Dambudziko rekuremara
- Census Bureau: Data pamusoro pekuremara uye basa (Adobe PDF File)